Perceprtion

• ​Definition

  • ​Psychological
    

    • ​the integration and meaningful interpretation
      

  • ​Biological

    • ​involves the cortex
      

• ​Attention

  –screening the incoming information – allowing people to select only the information relevant to the task at hand for perceptual processing, and to ignore the irrelevant information

  • ​Selective attention
    

    • ​eye movement
      

      • ​fixations

      • ​saccades

    • ​weapon focus
      

  • ​Auditory attention
    

    • ​Dichotic listening
      

    • ​cocktail party effect
      

• ​Localization

  Navigate your way around the environmentGrasp an object

  • ​Group of objects(画图）
    

    • ​Equally spaced dots
      

    • ​Proximity

    • ​Similarity
      

    • ​Continuation

    • ​Closure

  • ​The Gestalt law of organization
    

    • ​Similarity

    • ​Continuation

    • ​Simplicity

    • ​Familiarity

  • ​Perceiving distance
    

    • ​depth cues
      

      • ​Oculomotor cues
        

      • ​Binocular cues
        

        • ​spot small,fast-moving objects
          

        • ​Binocular disparity
          

          • ​stereopsis

            • ​3D movies
              

          • ​stereoscope

      • ​Monocular cues
        

        • ​Relative size
          

          • ​similar objects
            

        • ​Relative height
          

        • ​Interposition

        • ​Perspective

        • ​Shading and shadows
          

        • ​Motion

  • ​Perceiving motion
    

    • ​Stroboscopic motion
      

      • ​movie

    • ​Real motion
      

      • ​Relative movement
        

        • ​relative motion
          

        • ​absolute motion
          

      • ​Biological motion
        

      • ​Selective adaptation
        

      • ​Motion after-effect
        

• ​Recognition

  • ​Global-to-local processing
    

    • ​global processing first
      

    • ​then local processing
      

  • ​Feature integration theory
    

    • ​Pre-attentive stage
      

      • ​Analyze into features
        

    • ​Focused attention stage
      

      • ​Combine features
        

  • ​Visual processing
    

    • ​Early stages
      

      • ​create description
        

    • ​Later stages
      

      • compares this description
        

  • ​Feature detectors in the cortex
    

    • ​Simple cells
      

      • ​line

        • ​particular orientation &position
          

    • ​Complex cells
      

      • ​bar or edge
        

        • ​particular orientation but not specific position
          

    • ​Hypercomplex cells
      

      • ​particular orientation & particular length
        

    • ​Processing

      • ​Bottom-up processes
        

      • ​Top-down processes
        

• ​Abstraction

  • ​required less storage
    

  • ​processing speed
    

• ​Constancy

  • ​The nature of constancy
    

  • ​Color constancy
    

  • ​Brightness constancy
    

  • ​Illusion