| The Clavien-Dindo Classification The therapy used to correct a specific complication is the basis of this classification in order to rank a complication in an objective and reproducible manner. It consists of 7 grades (I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb and V). The introduction of the subclasses a and b allows a contraction of the classification into 5 grades (I, II, III, IV and V) depending on the size of the population observed or the of the focus of a study. Complications that have the potential for long-lasting disability after patient’s discharge (e.g.: paralysis of a voice cord after thyroid surgery) are highlighted in the present classification by a suffix (“d” for disability). This suffix indicates that a follow-up is required to comprehensively evaluate the outcome and related long-term quality of life. |
The Clavien-Dindo Classification
Grade I
Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions
Grade IV
Life-threatening complication requiring IC/ICU-management
IVa
Single organ dysfunction
IVb
Multiorgandysfunction
Grade V
Death of a patient
Grade II
Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications.
Grade III
Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention
IIIa
Intervention not under general anesthesia
IIIb
Intervention under general anesthesia