| Intro to psy ch15 psychological disorders |
psychological disorders
vulnerability-stress model
Classifying mental health
Traditional classification
Neuroses
rarely serious enough
Psychoses
more serious
out of touch with reality
contemporary
ICD
DSM-5
Mood disorders
Depressive disorder
Depression
One or more episodes of depression
Symptoms
Emotional
sadness
loss of pleasure
Cognitive
Negative views of self
Hopelessness
Poor concentration and memory
Motivational
Passivity
not initiate or persist at activities
Physical
change in appetite and sleep
fatigue
increase in aches and pains
Bipolar disorder
experience both depression and mania
Mania
Understanding mood disorders
Biological perspective
inherited
neurotransmitters
Cognitive perespective
interpret life in pessimistic,hopeless ways
cognitive triad
negative thoughts about the self
negative thoughts about present experiences
negative thoughts about the future
Interpersonal perspective
too dependent on other's opinion and support
Psychosocial factors in bipolar disorders
stressful life
mental problem分类的好坏
Advantages
finding similarities of behavior
aid in communicating information
aid in deciding on effective treatments
Disadvantages
labeling-ignore unique features
the label is not an explanation
cause stigma
perspective on mental health problem
Biological perspective
brain disorders
Psychological perspective
issues in mind functioning
Behavioral perspective
fears become conditioned
Cognitive perspective
maladaptive cognitive processes
Psychoanalytic perspective
unconcious conflicts
cultural or sociological perspective
social context
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Characteristics
Disturbance of thought and attention
process of thinking or content of thought
delusions
misinterpretations of reality
Disturbance of perception
hallucinations
sensory experience
inability to distinguish
Disturbance of emotional expression
unusual emotional expression
Decreased ability to function
exhibit bizarre behaviors
Adopt strange facial expressions
Repetitive gesture with finger, hand or arm
Sometimes agitated, sometimes unresponsive and immobile
impaired in their ability
unsuccessful in
personal hygiene and grooming deteriorate
Understanding schizophrenia
Biological perspective
hereditary predisposition
the prefrontal cortex
enlarged ventricles
dopamine regulation
Social&psychological perspective
family related stress
psychosocial factors
Defining abnormal
Deviation from cultural norms
acceptabal behaviors&ways of thinking
don't impose
the concept of abnormality changes
Unusualness
Not the way that most people
what is unusual
deviaton from statistical norms
Maladaptive behavior
the most important criterion
how affect the well-being of
some interfere with....of the individual
some are harmful to society
Personal distress
subject feelings
acutely miserable
Personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder
lack of conscience
good at lying
behave impulsively
cause
Membership in a delinquent gang or a criminal subculture
The need for attention and status
Loss of contact with reality
Inability to control impulses
Understanding antisocial personality disorder
Biological factors
genetic factors
deficits in executive functions
low serotonin level
Social factors
neglectful&hostile parents
Personality factors
process information
Borderline personality disorder
key feature
Instability
Understanding borderline personality disorder
psychoanalytic theorists
poorly developed views of self
deficit in ability to regulate emotions
Pervasive developmental disorders
Autism
3 types of deficits
social interaction
communication
activities&interests
Asperger's syndrome
similar to autism
different from autism
Understanding autism
Biological factors
genetics
neurological factors
lack theory of mind
Anxiety disorders
4 types of symptoms
Physiological
heart racing
perspiring
muscle tensed
Cognitive
Behavioral
froze,unable to move
Emotional
the sense of dread and terror
Generalized anxiety disorder
no specific source
constant sense of tension and dread
Panic disorders
panic attack
acute and overwhelming apprehension or terror
excitation of sympathetic system
fear that they will die
when panic attack become frequent
Agoraphobia
fear any place
An excessive fear
fear embarrass themselves
Understanding panic disorders&agoraphobia
Biological component
genetic factors
may have over-reactive fight-or-flight response
Cognitive factors
misinterpret bodily sensation
agoraphobia
learning experience
Phobias
Specific phobia
fear of a specific object or situation
social anxiety disorder
extremely insecure in social situation
Understanding phobias
Psychoanalytic view(Freud)
displacing anxiety
symbolic objects
Behaviorists
classical&operant conditioning
classical conditioning
NS associate with traumatic event
operant conditioning
avoidance learning
Observation learning
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
central feature
subjective loss of control
Obsession
persistent thoughts, elicit anxiety
Compulsion
repetitive acts, reduce anxiety
vs phobia
Similarity
they're related
both involve severe anxiety
may appear in the same patient
Differences
Phobic patients
ruminate about their fears
phobic patients
show ritualistic compulsive behavior
two are evoked by different stimuli
Understanding OCD
Biological
Possible deficiencies in serotonin
disorded genes
Cognitive
Behavioral